Thymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1) is a 28-amino acid peptide originally isolated from thymic tissue by Allan Goldstein in 1972. The synthetic version (thymalfasin) is marketed as Zadaxin in over 35 countries for immunomodulatory applications. It is one of the most extensively studied immunomodulatory peptides with over 4,400 published research papers.
Thymosin Alpha-1 has a molecular weight of 3108.27 g/mol. It is N-terminally acetylated, which is critical for biological activity. The peptide's mechanism of action involves activation of Toll-like receptors TLR2 and TLR9 on dendritic cells, leading to downstream immune modulation.
The peptide is the founding member of the alpha-thymosin family of polypeptides.
Research Applications
• Immunomodulation: Extensive research on Tα1's effects on T-cell maturation, NK cell activity, and dendritic cell function (Tuthill et al., 2010).
• Infectious disease models: Studies examining Tα1 in hepatitis B and C models, including clinical trials in several countries.
• Cancer immunology: Research on Tα1 as an immunoadjuvant in preclinical tumor models.
• Vaccine adjuvant research: Studies examining Tα1's ability to enhance vaccine immunogenicity.
Pathway Context
• TLR2/TLR9 activation on dendritic cells
• T-cell differentiation and maturation (CD4+/CD8+ balance)
• NK cell cytotoxicity enhancement
• IFN-α and IL-2 production stimulation
• p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathway modulation
Preclinical Research
Tuthill et al. (2010) reviewed Tα1's immunological mechanisms and clinical applications, noting approved uses in hepatitis and immune deficiency in multiple countries.
Garaci et al. (2012) demonstrated Tα1-mediated TLR2/TLR9 activation and downstream dendritic cell maturation.
Note: Thymalfasin (Zadaxin) is approved in 35+ countries but not in the US.
Form & Analytical Testing
Form: Lyophilized powder, 3mg per vial
Appearance: White powder
Solubility: Soluble in water and bacteriostatic water
Full analytical testing per batch.
Article Author
DS
Article Author
Dr. Sarah Chen, Ph.D.
Biochemistry researcher specializing in immunomodulatory peptide research.
This content was prepared for informational purposes based on published preclinical research. It does not constitute medical advice or product efficacy claims.
Citations
1
Tuthill C, et al. "Thymalfasin: An immune system modulator that augments response to vaccination." Intl Immunopharmacol. 2010;10(10):1195-200. PubMed
2
Garaci E, et al. "Thymosin alpha 1: from bench to bedside." Ann NY Acad Sci. 2012;1270:1-8. PubMed
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Lyophilized: -20°C, protected from light
Reconstituted: 2-8°C
Shelf Life
24 months lyophilized at -20°C
30 days reconstituted at 2-8°C
Handling
Allow vial to reach room temperature before opening.
Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water.
Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Frequently Asked Questions
Thymosin Alpha-1 is verified at ≥99.0% purity via reverse-phase HPLC analysis. Each batch also undergoes ESI mass spectrometry for identity confirmation, LAL endotoxin testing (<0.1 EU/mg), and USP <71> sterility testing. A batch-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) is included with every order.
Add bacteriostatic water (0.9% benzyl alcohol) slowly to the vial wall. Gently swirl to dissolve — do not shake or vortex. Solubility: Soluble in water and bacteriostatic water. Reconstituted peptide should be stored at 2-8°C and used within 30 days. For single-use applications, sterile water may be substituted (no preservative, use immediately).
Lyophilized (powder): Store at -20°C, protected from light and moisture. Shelf life: 24 months. Reconstituted (solution): Store at 2-8°C, use within 30 days. Critical: Allow the vial to reach room temperature before opening to prevent moisture condensation inside the vial. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles (max 3 recommended).
The CAS registry number for Thymosin Alpha-1 is 62304-98-7. Molecular weight: 3108.27 g/mol. Molecular formula: C129H215N33O55. Full chemical characterization data including PubChem identifiers, SMILES notation, and InChIKey are available on the Chemical Properties tab above.
Yes. Every batch of Thymosin Alpha-1 is independently tested by Janssen Analytical Laboratories (ISO 17025-accredited). Testing includes HPLC purity analysis, mass spectrometry identity confirmation, LAL kinetic turbidimetric endotoxin assay, and USP <71> sterility testing. Full results are provided in the batch-specific COA. Additional documentation is available on the COA/HPLC/MS and 3rd Party Testing tabs above.
Orders placed before 2:00 PM EST ship same day via cold-chain logistics with gel ice packs to maintain product integrity during transit. Most domestic orders arrive within 2-4 business days. Full tracking is provided. All vials are sealed under inert atmosphere and packaged to prevent damage.
Yes. Tiered pricing is applied automatically at checkout: 2+ units at 10% off, 3+ units at 15% off, and 5+ units at 20% off. For institutional or bulk research inquiries (10+ vials), contact us at contact@aureumpeptides.com for custom pricing.
Compatibility depends on your specific experimental design. Thymosin Alpha-1 is provided as a single-compound lyophilized preparation for maximum flexibility. When using multiple compounds, reconstitute each separately and add to experimental systems independently to avoid potential interactions during reconstitution. Check the "Researchers Also Purchased" section below for commonly paired research compounds.
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Thymosin Alpha-1 from Aureum Peptides is synthesized to ≥99% purity and verified by third-party HPLC analysis. A Certificate of Analysis (COA) is included with every order.
Is Thymosin Alpha-1 intended for human use?+
No. Thymosin Alpha-1 is sold strictly for in-vitro laboratory research purposes only. Not for human consumption, therapeutic use, or veterinary use. Purchase is limited to qualified researchers and research facilities.
How is Thymosin Alpha-1 shipped and stored?+
Orders placed before 2:00 PM EST ship the same business day from our USA facility with cold-chain logistics. Upon arrival, store Thymosin Alpha-1 lyophilized at -20°C for long-term stability, or at 4°C for short-term storage after reconstitution.
Do you provide a Certificate of Analysis?+
Yes. Every vial of Thymosin Alpha-1 ships with a batch-specific Certificate of Analysis documenting identity (mass spectrometry), purity (HPLC), and appearance. COAs are also accessible via our online COA portal using the batch number on your vial.
Can I order Thymosin Alpha-1 in bulk for institutional research?+
Yes. Aureum Peptides offers institutional wholesale pricing for universities, biotech R&D, and contract research organizations. Contact us for a quote and Net-30 payment terms after credit approval.
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